Etiqueta: Cl@ve foreign nationals

Including why it may be important for the extraordinary regularisation 2026, if the online submission channel is confirmed in the BOE

Updated on 25 March 2026 | intercultural.info

There is a very useful tool that many foreign nationals in Spain can obtain free of charge, which enables them to manage their immigration procedures, among many other procedures, from home, without queues, without appointments that are impossible to obtain, and with much greater autonomy. It is called a digital certificate, and a large proportion of those who need it most do not know that it exists.

In this article, we explain what it is, what problems it resolves, why so few professionals speak about it, and what it has to do with the extraordinary regularisation 2026.

The problem you have without realising it

Think of the last time you had to complete a procedure with the Spanish administration — and if you have never done so, ask any migrant person around you who has had that experience. Perhaps you requested an appointment and it took weeks to obtain one. Perhaps you paid somebody to do it for you. Perhaps the matter has remained unresolved for months because you do not know how to check the status of your file, nor how to provide a document that has been requested from you.

This should not be the case. The Spanish administration has been digitalising its services for years. Today, a large part of procedures can already be completed online. The problem is that, in order to do so, one thing is necessary: to identify yourself digitally. And without that step, the person remains trapped in a system designed for those whose papers are already in order.

The digital certificate may be that step. With it, a foreign national may access many services of the Spanish public administration without travelling and with much greater autonomy.

Why almost nobody speaks about this

If you search on YouTube for information about immigration procedures, you will find dozens of channels explaining arraigo procedures — arraigo social is a Spanish residence regularisation pathway based on social ties, with no direct English equivalent — renewals, or the extraordinary regularisation. But very few speak about the digital certificate for migrant persons. And those who do so rarely mention that it serves to submit immigration applications in one’s own name or on behalf of other persons.

Without entering into speculation about the intentions of each professional, we may say that there are several reasons why this subject is explained so little. One of them is that many guides focus on the final procedure, but not on the tool that enables it to be completed online. Another is that electronic identification still appears complex to many persons, when with a clear explanation it is usually much more manageable than it seems. intercultural.info exists precisely to break that dynamic.

What is the digital certificate for in the real life of a foreign national?

With a digital certificate, a foreign national may, among other things:

• Submit immigration applications online through Mercurio, including regularisation, arraigo social, family reunification, renewals, and others
• Consult the status of their immigration file and download decisions and notifications
• Provide documentation to an already opened file, without the need to attend in person
• Request the empadronamiento certificate (certificate of municipal registration) in those municipalities that permit it online
• Obtain the employment record report and other Social Security documents
• Conduct tax procedures with the Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria / Hacienda), including the income tax return and tax certificates
• Apply for Spanish nationality
• Request the homologation or recognition of qualifications obtained abroad
• Access Mi Carpeta Ciudadana, the unified portal of the Spanish administration
• Sign documents with full legal validity, without the need for a notary

In summary, the digital certificate converts the person into an active subject before the administration, capable of managing their own affairs without dependence on intermediaries and without appointments that are in many cases very difficult to obtain.

What is electronic identification and what are your options?

Electronic identification is the way of demonstrating to the administration that it is you, online, in a secure manner. In Spain, several systems exist.

Digital certificate (FNMT): the most complete one, and the one we recommend. It is free of charge, valid throughout the Spanish administration, and enables you not only to identify yourself, but also to sign documents with full legal validity. It is issued by the Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (FNMT, the Spanish National Mint and Stamp Factory). In practice, it is the most useful system for many online immigration procedures, including the submission of applications in Mercurio when the procedure permits that route.

Cl@ve Permanente with Cl@ve Firma: a valid alternative for identification and also for signing. It requires a registration procedure in person or through video identification. With Cl@ve Firma activated, it may be used to sign certain electronic procedures and may be a valid alternative depending on the procedure.

Cl@ve PIN: a basic identification system. It permits consultation of files and identification before the administration, but does not permit the signing of applications. It is useful for consultations and serves to identify yourself in some services, but by itself it does not usually suffice when the procedure requires an electronic signature.

Certificates from autonomous communities and other entities: in addition to the FNMT, other certification entities recognised by the Spanish State exist, including ACCV (Comunitat Valenciana), Izenpe (Basque Country), CATCert (Catalonia), or the Chambers of Commerce through Camerfirma, among others. All are valid for procedures with the administration. In some areas, obtaining one through the municipality itself or through these entities may be more accessible than doing so via the FNMT.

In this article, we focus on the FNMT digital certificate because it is the most universal, free of charge, and accessible throughout the national territory.

NIE, residence authorisation and TIE: three different things — and why this article also matters to you even if your papers are not in order

Before speaking about who may obtain the digital certificate, it is useful to clarify three concepts that generate much confusion.

NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero/a, Foreigner Identification Number): it is an identification number, not a document and not a permit. It is assigned by the National Police when a foreign national initiates any formal procedure with the Spanish administration, or when it is expressly requested before that administration while demonstrating a legitimate interest, subject to certain conditions. A person may have an NIE even if they do not have a valid residence permit, and even if they have never had one.

Residence authorisation (or residence permit): this is the administrative authorisation that permits residence in Spain. It is different from the NIE and from the TIE.

TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero/a, Foreigner Identity Card): this is the card-format expression of the residence authorisation. It contains the NIE, the photograph, and the type of permit granted.

Why does this distinction matter? Because the FNMT digital certificate may be obtained with an NIE, even if you do not have a TIE or a valid residence permit. The FNMT itself specifies on its electronic office that the «official document granting the NIF/NIE which makes it possible to verify that the person is in possession of the NIE, irrespective of the validity of the document«, is valid, together with the passport.

That said, in practice the experience may vary depending on the Accreditation Office. Some may accept a document containing your NIE — such as an Immigration Office decision, whether favourable or a refusal. Others may be more strict. We recommend that you consult the office before travelling there. If the FNMT route does not function in your case, in some areas municipalities collaborate with recognised certification entities and may orient you towards other alternatives.

And if at this moment you do not have an NIE, continue reading all the same. In a scenario of online submission, it may be important to know not only how the digital certificate functions, but also whether the final Real Decreto permits another person to act in your name by way of representation.

The extraordinary regularisation 2026 and the digital certificate

If you are awaiting the extraordinary regularisation 2026, the digital certificate acquires particular relevance. As of today, 25 March 2026, the Real Decreto has still not been published in the BOE (Boletín Oficial del Estado, Official State Gazette), but the drafts that have circulated indicate that one principal route for submitting applications will be online, through the Mercurio platform. If the principal submission channel ultimately proves to be online, having a digital certificate or a valid electronic signature system may make an important practical difference — unless one has recourse to a professional, to a registered collaborating organisation, or — and this is important although almost nobody explains it — to a trusted person who may act as representative, if the definitive Real Decreto confirms this, as we explain further below.

As regards the in-person route, everything indicates that it may be less agile than the online route, but the concrete details — offices, timetables, capacity and procedure — remain pending official confirmation. Several unofficial sources indicate that the offices enabled would function in the afternoon, with limited availability and a very high volume of applications.

The key point, in any case, is to prepare now. Whoever arrives with the digital certificate ready on the day the period opens will have a real advantage over whoever does not.

Can another person submit the online application on your behalf?

This is perhaps one of the most important pieces of information that nobody explains. And the answer is: probably yes, if that person has a digital certificate and acts as your representative.

Law 39/2015, in its Article 5, establishes that any person may act as representative of another before the Spanish public administration — it is not necessary to be a registered and authorised professional for these procedures. It is sufficient to complete and submit the document of «designación de representante» (appointment of representative), available in our Resources section, together with the remaining documents, and for the representative to possess the necessary electronic means, that is to say, a digital certificate.

→ Download the designación de representante form at: intercultural.info/en/recursos/

(Source: Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration — inclusion.gob.es. Verify that this is the current version before using it.)

If you have a family member, a close friend, or any trusted person with a residence permit in Spain or Spanish nationality, and who has or may obtain a digital certificate, it may be worthwhile for that person to prepare in order to assist you when the time comes. Pending confirmation by the BOE for the extraordinary regularisation, this route could be key for many persons who do not have electronic identification of their own.

What to do right now

• If you have an NIE: obtain your digital certificate as soon as possible. Our tutorial explains the process step by step.
• If you do not know whether you have an NIE: search among your documents for any Immigration Office decision. Your NIE may be there.
• If you do not have an NIE: you may request the direct assignment of an NIE before the National Police or an Immigration Office, by means of form EX-15 and payment of the corresponding fee. Bear in mind that this procedure requires compliance with certain conditions, and that in an irregular administrative situation it may be difficult to obtain it. The legal period for a decision is five working days, although, as in any administrative matter, the real timeframes may vary. If the application is refused, that is not the end of the road: the following options also apply to you.
• If you have family members or trusted persons whose documentation is in order: encourage them to obtain their digital certificate. If the BOE confirms it, they may be able to submit applications in your name as representatives.
• If you have neither an NIE nor a personal representative, other routes exist: support organisations for migrant persons registered as collaborating entities — NGOs and trade unions entered in the Register published in the BOE on 5 March 2026 — may orient you and assist you free of charge. If you decide to consult professional firms, ensure that they are registered with the relevant professional body and authorised for these procedures. The in-person route is also available without a digital certificate.
• If you already have the digital certificate: use it to prepare documentation that you may need for the regularisation, such as a historical empadronamiento certificate proving your arrival and presence in Spain since before January 2026, or the certificate of cohabitation (certificado de convivencia) proving direct family ties — one of the situations in the second regularisation pathway according to the drafts currently circulating, as we explain in our article Extraordinary regularisation 2026 in Spain: what is known, who is eligible, and what you should do now.